Bone Marrow Transplant

Bone Marrow Transplant, often known as a Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant (HPSCT), involves giving patients viable Hematopoietic (Blood Cell forming) progenitor cells who have damaged or depleted Bone Marrow. Both malignant and non-malignant illnesses can be treated with this technique, which also offers several advantages such as:

• Improving overall Bone Marrow activity
• Enabling the eradication of cancerous cells
• Producing functional cells, replacing malfunctioning ones 
• Improving the survival rate

A Pre-Transplant assessment before a Blood or Marrow Transplant is authorised as a course of treatment. This assessment entails a thorough physical examination, discussions with the transplant team, and a comprehensive series of tests to determine whether you are qualified for a Bone Marrow Transplant. These tests may include:

• Blood Tests
• Urine Analysis
• Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy
• Chest X-Ray
• Sinus X-Rays
• Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
• Computed Tomography (CT Scan)
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Cardiac Scan

An Intravenous Catheter, a long, thin tube is implanted in a big vein in your neck or chest. The Catheter, which is also referred to as a central line, is often left in its position during your therapy. The central line will be used by the Transplant team to inject drugs, blood components, and the Transplanted progenitor cells into your body.

• Progenitor cell collection for Autologous Transplant: You will go through an apheresis treatment to obtain blood progenitor cells if an autologous Transplant (using your own progenitor cells) is planned. Prior to apheresis, you will get daily growth factor injections to encourage the production of additional progenitor cells and to aid their entry into your bloodstream for removal. During apheresis, blood is drawn from a vein and circulated via a machine. The machine separates your blood into a variety of components, including progenitor cells. For later use, these cells are collected and preserved. The extra blood is reabsorbed by your body.
• Progenitor cell collection for Allogeneic Transplant: You'll need a donor if you're getting an allogeneic transplant, which uses progenitor cells from a donor. These cells are extracted from the blood or bone marrow of the selected donor.

Complications after Bone Marrow Transplant may be acute (occurring within 90 days) or chronic (long-standing). These are as follows:

• Infection: Since the immunosuppression occurs after a Bone Marrow Transplant, antimicrobial prophylaxis is very necessary.
• Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS): This syndrome is characterized by tender liver enlargement, jaundice, ascites, and weight gain due to fluid retention. As per reports, 13.6% of patients suffer from this syndrome after BMT.
• Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome (IPS): It is a lung infection that generally occurs in the first 90 days post-transplant.
• Graft Rejection or Failure: Graft Rejection or Failure is the loss of bone marrow function following reconstitution after hematopoietic progenitor cell infusion or the absence of an increase in function.
• Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD): Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) is caused by a reaction between T Lymphocytes from the donor in an Allogeneic Transplant and the recipient's certain genes, resulting in a slew of symptoms and manifestations.
• Toxicity: Post-Transplant immunosuppression, can cause severe pancytopenia (significant reduction in Blood Cell count) in the first week after Bone Marrow Transplant, leading to life-threatening infection.

Blood tests and other tests will be performed in the days and weeks following your Bone Marrow Transplant to check your condition. You may require medication to treat problems such as Nausea and Diarrhoea.

There will be close medical supervision of you following your Bone Marrow Transplant. You may need to stay in the hospital for several days or longer if you have infections or other issues. You may also require red blood cell and platelet transfusions until your Bone Marrow produces enough of those cells on its own.

For months to years following your Transplant, you may be more susceptible to infections or other problems. You must see your doctor frequently for the rest of your life to monitor for late complications.

With a 70% to 90% survival probability with a matched sibling donor and 75% to 85% survival with unrelated donors, transplants are substantially more successful for patients with non-malignant diseases. Survival rates after transplant for patients with acute leukaemia in remission range from 85% to 90% with related donors and 75% to 85% with unrelated donors. Transplanting a patient's own Bone Marrow from an intact bone to a diseased bone (Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant) in conjunction with Chemotherapy has increased survival rates in various malignancies such as Wilms Tumour, Ewing sarcoma, Germ Cell Tumour, and Neuroblastoma.

The cost of Bone Marrow Transplant significantly depends upon the patient's Health Status, Patient requirements, Hospital choice, and the availability of treatment options. However, the following information can provide you with a broader view of the cost and expense:

Cost Analysis and comparison based on the type of Bone Marrow Transplant:

Cost Analysis and comparison based on the location of a Bone Marrow Transplant Centre:
 

The common drivers of overall expenses are due to the following factors:

• Hospitalisation: The major cost contributors are associated with the length of Hospital stay, Medical staff, Rooms, Laboratory, Pharmacy, Radiology, Blood Bank, and Blood products
• Complication Treatment: As per a study, the average cost per complication is $20,228. Lowering the risk of severe complications may reduce overall expenses.
• Transplantation For More Advanced Disease: The disease status also influences the cost of bone marrow transplant. According to research, patients with advanced disease had higher expenditures.

In India, a bone marrow test might cost anywhere approximately from $100 to $500. However, the price of a bone marrow test in India varies significantly depending on the following factors:

• Facility type (public or private)
• City or patient's location
• Test's accessibility

MedFlick, your trusted healthcare companion, is dedicated to ensuring that your medical journey goes as smoothly and successfully as possible.

• Individualized Guidance: Personalized guidance throughout your medical journey. Access to a broad network of prominent hospitals, top doctors, and skilled surgeons.
• Transparent and Competitive Pricing: A full breakdown of treatment costs that eliminates surprises and offers you cost-effective solutions. MedFlick provides everything from travel arrangements to hotel and visa help to lodging.
• Multilingual Support: Breaking down language barriers to allow patients and medical professionals to communicate more effectively. The road to a successful Bone Marrow Transplant is long and winding, full of hope, resilience, and the promise of a brighter future. With MedFlick as your guide, navigating this life-changing adventure becomes simple and liberating.